China is one of the earliest countries in the world which catch, exploit, cultivate and produce fresh water pearl. Early in the Spring and Autumn State, 《Shu Jing》(The Book of History) had the record about pearl and also had the panoramic record about catching pearl of 《Tiangong Kaiwu》, which was the most earliest integrity work about the production of agriculture and handicraft industry. China caught natural pearl as tribute at the Huai River Area early 4000 years ago. We also found the pearl as ornament in the ancient tomb buried with the dead. The fresh water pearl cultivation method was invented in Ming dynastic. Pearl is a kind of round or another shape object. Part of the cells in the mantle of the shell, for some reason, form a pearl capsule inside the shell, secreting a kind of material similar with shell and deposit around a same core and the pearl is formed. Pearl is clear and sparkling, fresh and reserved, which is the only diamond produced by creature. Generally speaking, the chemical elements of pearl are as follows: calcium carbonate 91.5%, water 3.97%, and organic matter 3.83%, other material 0.70%. The main inorganic constituents inside the pearl are calcium and other salt matters; the organic constituents are mainly shell keratin of scleroprotein containing many kinds of amino acid.
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